Muskeg
From BWCAWiki
Muskeg is a soil type (also a peatland or wetland type called a bog) common in arctic and boreal areas. Muskeg itself consists of dead plants in various states of decomposition (i.e., peat), ranging from fairly intact sphagnum moss, to sedge peat, to highly decomposed muck. Pieces of wood such as buried tree branches can make up 5 to 15 percent of the peat soil. Muskeg tends to have a water table very near the surface. As well, the sphagnum moss forming it can hold 15 to 30 times its own weight in water, allowing the spongy wet muskeg to form even on sloping ground.
Muskeg is wet, acidic and relatively infertile, preventing large trees from growing, though stunted pines or spruces may be found.
Superficially, muskeg resembles a grassy plain covered with short grasses, and strands of trees growing where land protrudes above the water table. Muskeg patches are ideal habitats for beavers, pitcher plants, agaric mushrooms and a variety of other organisms.
Contents |
Formation
Muskegs need two conditions to develop: Abundant rain and cool summers. A dead plant that falls on dry soil is attacked by bacteria and fungi and quickly rots. If that plant lands in water or on saturated soil, though, it faces a different fate. Air can't get to it, so the bacteria and fungi can't function well. The cool temperatures slow them down even more. All this slows decomposition, and the plant debris accumulates to form peat and, eventually, a muskeg. Depending on the underlying topography of the land, muskeg can reach depths of 30 m (100 feet) or more.
Travel
Muskeg can be a significant impediment to transportation. During the 1870s, muskeg in Northern Ontario was reported to have swallowed a railroad engine whole when a track was laid on muskeg instead of clearing down to bedrock. Many other instances have been reported of heavy construction equipment vanishing into muskeg in the spring as the frozen muskeg on which the vehicle was parked thawed.
Travelling through muskeg is a very strange experience to those not used to it. It can be very dangerous and arduous. Muskeg can grow directly on top of bodies of water, especially small lakes. Thinner patches can allow animals to drop through, becoming trapped under the muskeg and drowning.
Occurence in the BWCAW
Muskeg is found throughout the BWCAW both in swampy lowlands and in small bedrock depressions. Muskeg is particularly common in the southeastern and western BWCAW, and less so in the northeastern and central where the bedrock geology is less condusive to small depressions.
See also
Parts of this article are originally from WikipediA, The Free Encyclopedia.
